Associação entre força de preensão manual, composição corporal e estado nutricional de idosos da comunidade / Association between handgrip strength, body composition and nutritional status of community dwelling elderly

Introdução: são escassos os estudos a respeito das relações entre força muscular, composição corporal e estado nutricional de idosos. Objetivo: avaliar as relações entre força de preensão manual, composição corporal e estado nutricional de idosos da comunidade. Métodos: setenta e nove idosos sedentários de ambos os sexos, frequentadores do Centro de Convivência do Idoso em Embu-Guaçu/SP, participaram deste estudo transversal quantitativo. Eles foram submetidos à avaliação de força de preensão manual por dinamometria, de composição corporal por bioimpedância tetrapolar, e do estado nutricional pelo índice de massa corporal e pela Mini Avaliação Nutricional reduzida. Resultados: a preensão manual direta foi considerada adequada em 65,8% da amostra. A maior parte dos idosos apresentava excesso de peso (60,3%) e de adiposidade (76,9% dos homens e 85,9% das mulheres), e 53,8% dos homens apresentavam sarcopenia grau I vs. 27,7% das mulheres. Um terço da amostra (34,2%) apresentava risco de desnutrição. O valor energético médio consumido pela amostra foi significantemente mais alto entre os homens (p=0,005), que também apresentaram menor ingestão percentual de carboidratos (p=0,03), e maior ingestão de proteínas (p<0,0001) e lipídeos (p=0,01) do que as mulheres. A força de preensão manual direita esteve moderadamente associada à massa magra (r=0,54 e p<0,001) e fracamente associada ao consumo de proteínas (r=0,330 e p=0,01). Conclusão: houve associação entre força de preensão manual, massa magra e consumo de proteínas, porém não foram encontradas associações entre a força e o escore da avaliação nutricional ou o índice de massa corporal.(AU)

Introduction: studies on the relationships between muscle strength, body composition, and nutritional status of the elderly are still scarce. Objective: to evaluate the relationship between manual grip strength, body composition, and nutritional status of community-dwelling elderly. Methods: seventy-nine sedentary elderly men and women from the Center for the Elderly in Embu-Guaçu/SP participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study. Participants were submitted to handgrip strength evaluation by dynamometry, body composition by tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance, and nutritional status by the body mass index and reduced Mini Nutritional Assessment. Results: right-hand grip strength was considered adequate in 65.8% of the sample. Most elderly presented excessive body weight (60,3%) and adiposity (76,9% of men e 85,9% of women). 53.8% of men presented with stage I sarcopenia vs. 27.7% of women. One-third (34.2%) of the elderly presented risk of malnutrition. The mean energy consumed by the sample was significantly higher among males (p=0.005), who also presented lower percentage of carbohydrate intake (p=0.03) and higher intake of proteins (p<0.0001) and lipids (p=0.01) than women. Right-hand grip strength was moderately associated with lean mass (r=0.54 and p<0.001) and weakly associated protein consumption (r=0.330 and p=0.01). Conclusion: there was an association between handgrip strength, lean mass, and protein intake, however, no asso -ciations were found between strength and nutritional assessment scores or body mass index.(AU)

Relationship between periodontitis and subclinical risk indicators for chronic non-communicable diseases.

In view of the epidemiological relevance of periodontal disease and chronic noncommunicable diseases, the study aimed to evaluate the relationship between them through subclinical indicators of systemic risk in a population group with healthy habits, including alcohol and tobacco abstinence. A complete periodontal examination of six sites per tooth was performed in a sample of 420 participants from the Advento study (Sao Paulo), submitted to anthropometric and laboratory evaluation. Periodontitis was defined and classified based on the Community Periodontal Index score 3 (periodontal pocket = 4-5 mm) and score 4 (periodontal pocket ≥ 6 mm). The prevalence of mild/moderate and severe periodontitis was 20% and 8.2%, respectively. Both categories of periodontal disease had significantly higher levels of triglycerides, C-reactive protein, calcium score, and calcium percentile, whereas blood glucose after tolerance test was significantly higher among people with severe periodontitis and HDL-c levels were lower (p < 0.05). Young adults with severe periodontitis had significantly higher prevalence of obesity, pre-diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Besides these conditions, the older adults with severe periodontitis had significantly higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and subclinical atherosclerosis. The group with periodontitis had also a higher coronary heart disease risk based on the PROCAM score (p < 0.05). The results indicated associations of periodontitis with several systemic indicators for chronic noncommunicable diseases, and highlighted the need for multiprofessional measures in the whole care of patients.

Relationship between periodontitis and subclinical risk indicators for chronic non-communicable diseases

Abstract In view of the epidemiological relevance of periodontal disease and chronic noncommunicable diseases, the study aimed to evaluate the relationship between them through subclinical indicators of systemic risk in a population group with healthy habits, including alcohol and tobacco abstinence. A complete periodontal examination of six sites per tooth was performed in a sample of 420 participants from the Advento study (Sao Paulo), submitted to anthropometric and laboratory evaluation. Periodontitis was defined and classified based on the Community Periodontal Index score 3 (periodontal pocket = 4-5 mm) and score 4 (periodontal pocket ≥ 6 mm). The prevalence of mild/moderate and severe periodontitis was 20% and 8.2%, respectively. Both categories of periodontal disease had significantly higher levels of triglycerides, C-reactive protein, calcium score, and calcium percentile, whereas blood glucose after tolerance test was significantly higher among people with severe periodontitis and HDL-c levels were lower (p < 0.05). Young adults with severe periodontitis had significantly higher prevalence of obesity, pre-diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Besides these conditions, the older adults with severe periodontitis had significantly higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and subclinical atherosclerosis. The group with periodontitis had also a higher coronary heart disease risk based on the PROCAM score (p < 0.05). The results indicated associations of periodontitis with several systemic indicators for chronic noncommunicable diseases, and highlighted the need for multiprofessional measures in the whole care of patients.

Perda de inserção periodontal e associações com indicadores de risco sociodemográficos e comportamentais / Periodontal attachment loss and associations with sociodemographic and behavioral risk indicators

Resumo Introdução A perda de inserção clínica periodontal (PIP) tem sido indicada como parâmetro determinante para o estudo de indicadores de risco de periodontite crônica. Objetivo Descrever a prevalência, severidade e extensão de PIP em um grupo populacional que se abstém de álcool e tabaco, além de avaliar associações com características sociodemográficas e comportamentais dos participantes. Método Uma amostra de 420 indivíduos adultos, participantes do Estudo Advento (São Paulo), foi submetida ao exame periodontal de seis sítios por dente e respondeu um questionário estruturado. As associações foram verificadas por meio de análise de regressão logística múltipla. Resultado A prevalência de periodontite foi de 20,7% e de gengivite, 38,8%; a PIP média foi de 1,38 mm (± 0,5) e a perda dental, 5,4 (± 9,0). A prevalência de PIP ≥ 3 mm, ≥ 4 mm e ≥ 6 mm foi de 69,7%, 31,7% e 9,6% dos indivíduos, e 11,4%, 4,4% e 1,2% dos dentes por indivíduo, respectivamente. Houve associação significativa de PIP ≥ 4 mm com sexo masculino, idade superior a 55 anos, baixa escolaridade, placa visível, autocuidado irregular, falta de orientação em higiene bucal e doença sistêmica referida. Para PIP ≥ 6 mm, foi observada maior razão de chances para as variáveis idade e doença sistêmica. Conclusão O grupo populacional estudado apresentou baixa extensão e severidade de PIP, possivelmente pelas características da amostra. As associações de risco encontradas confirmam a necessidade de atenção integral ao paciente, incluindo o incentivo à prevenção e ao controle de doenças crônicas, ao lado de orientações específicas para higiene bucal.

Abstract Introduction Clinical attachment loss (CAL) has been indicated as a determining parameter for the study of risk indicators of chronic periodontitis. Objective To describe the prevalence, severity and extent of CAL in a population group that abstains from alcohol and tobacco use and to evaluate associations with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of participants. Method A sample of 420 adult individuals, participants of the Advento Study (São Paulo) were submitted to a periodontal examination of six sites per tooth and answered a structured questionnaire. Associations were verified by multiple logistic regression analysis. Result Prevalence of periodontitis was 20.7% and gingivitis 38.8%; mean CAL was 1.38mm (±0.5) and dental loss 5.4 (±9.0). Prevalence of CAL ≥3 mm, ≥4 mm and ≥6 mm was 69.7%, 31.7% and 9.6% of the individuals, affecting 11.4%, 4.4% and 1.2% of the teeth per individual, respectively. After adjustments, there was a significant association of CAL ≥4 mm with males, over 55 years of age, low education, visible plaque, irregular self-care, lack of oral hygiene guidance and reported systemic disease. For CAL ≥6 mm, there was a higher odds ratio for the variables age group and systemic disease. Conclusion The population group studied presented low extension and severity of CAL, possibly due to the sample characteristics. The risk associations found confirm the need for comprehensive patient care, including encouraging prevention and control of chronic diseases, along with specific oral hygiene guidelines.

Erosive Tooth Wear and Dietary Patterns: A Clinical Study.

PURPOSE: Evidence exists which suggests that a vegetarian diet is a predisposing factor to erosive tooth wear. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dietary pattern (vegetarian, lacto-ovo vegetarian and omnivore) on erosive tooth wear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred seven subjects (29 vegetarians, 96 lacto-ovo vegetarians and 82 omnivores) underwent an oral assessment and were asked to answer questionnaires about diet and oral care. RESULTS: Individuals who followed vegetarian and lacto-ovo vegetarian diets had statistically significantly more erosive tooth wear than did omnivores (p = 0.004). Conversely, omnivores presented more tooth loss than did lacto-ovo vegetarians (p = 0.027). Being a vegetarian or a lacto-ovo vegetarian entailed an increased risk (4 times and 2.5 times, respectively) of presenting erosive tooth wear than being omnivorous. CONCLUSION: Vegetarian and lacto-ovo vegetarian dietary patterns seem to favour the loss of dental structure by erosion. Vegetarian patients should thus be informed about preventive measures and treated accordingly.

Padrões dietéticos e condição bucal: uma revisão / Dietary patterns and oral condition: a review

A influência do padrão dietético nas condições bucais é um assunto com respostas inconclusivas na literatura científica atual. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar os estudos abordando o impacto da dieta (vegana ovolactovegetariana e onívora) nas condições de saúde bucal (erosão, cárie, fluorose e condição periodontal). Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs e Proquest. Há algumas evidências de que a dieta vegetariana seja um fator de proteção para cáries e um fator predisponente à erosão dentária. Embora não existam dados conclusivos, é possível que os vegetarianos sejam menos sujeitos à fluorose e à doença periodontal, e esse fato pode estar relacionado com o aumento do fluxo salivar

The influence of dietary patterns in oral conditions is a subject that presents inconclusive answers in the present scientific literature. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate studies regarding the impact of diet (vegan, lactoovovegetarian and omnivore) in oral health conditions (erosion, carie, fluorosis and periodontal condition). We performed a search in Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs and Proquest data bases. There is some evidence that vegetarian diet is a protection factor against caries and a predisposing factor to dental erosion. Although there are no conclusive data, it is possible that vegetarians are less predisposed to fluorosis and periodontal disease, and this might be related to the increase in salivary flow